Zabir, Omar AL2026-04-182026-04-182022https://repository.iou.edu.gm/handle/123456789/561This paper examines testimonies of 42 apostates of Islam from seven books to analyze and criticize their most common objections to Islam that led to their infidelity. This is a qualitative study that concentrates exclusively on the theological claims made against Islam by the apostates. It does not address assertions about particular practices of sects, societies, cultures, and regimes, as they do not challenge Islam’s status as the true religion. It organizes the claims into several themes and addresses top three themes: a) Islam’s stance on women and marriage, 2) Islam’s stance on slavery and dealing with female prisoners of war, and 3) Islam’s treatment of non-believers and apostates, and the Prophet’s alleged violent life. Examination of the claims in these themes reveals unsound argumentations, out-of-context quotation of verses of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth, mistranslations, misinterpretations, reliance on dishonest Orientalist and anti-Islamic literature. Two methods have been used to criticize these claims. Unsound arguments are refuted with sound arguments. Claims made using out-of-context quotations, misquotations, and mistranslations of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth are refuted using correct translation, context and supporting evidence from classical Islamic texts and modern academic work. Numerous social science research are utilized to deconstruct the presentism bias towards western law and culture, and to show the scale of evil that modernity has brought to humanity that Islam wants to uproot. This work should help an apostate, a doubting Muslim, or even a weak believer evaluates and criticizes the legitimacy of some of the common arguments made against Islām. This paper examines testimonies of 42 apostates of Islam from seven books to analyze and criticize their most common objections to Islam that led to their infidelity. This is a qualitative study that concentrates exclusively on the theological claims made against Islam by the apostates. It does not address assertions about particular practices of sects, societies, cultures, and regimes, as they do not challenge Islam’s status as the true religion. It organizes the claims into several themes and addresses top three themes: a) Islam’s stance on women and marriage, 2) Islam’s stance on slavery and dealing with female prisoners of war, and 3) Islam’s treatment of non-believers and apostates, and the Prophet’s alleged violent life. Examination of the claims in these themes reveals unsound argumentations, out-of-context quotation of verses of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth, mistranslations, misinterpretations, reliance on dishonest Orientalist and anti-Islamic literature. Two methods have been used to criticize these claims. Unsound arguments are refuted with sound arguments. Claims made using out-of-context quotations, misquotations, and mistranslations of Qur’ān and Ḥadīth are refuted using correct translation, context and supporting evidence from classical Islamic texts and modern academic work. Numerous social science research are utilized to deconstruct the presentism bias towards western law and culture, and to show the scale of evil that modernity has brought to humanity that Islam wants to uproot. This work should help an apostate, a doubting Muslim, or even a weak believer evaluates and criticizes the legitimacy of some of the common arguments made against Islām.Thesis