Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Mental Health Counselling: A Critical Review

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health counselling has emerged as a transformative solution to address the global mental health crisis, which affects over 970 million individuals worldwide. AI technologies, including chatbots, predictive models, and real-time emotion recognition systems, have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing access to care, personalizing interventions, and improving treatment outcomes. This study critically reviews the role of AI in mental health counselling, emphasizing its methodological implications, challenges, and ethical considerations. AI-powered tools like Woebot and Wysa effectively reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, while predictive algorithms enable early identification of mental health risks. However, issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and limited cultural inclusivity raise concerns about equitable implementation. In the African context, AI is beginning to address systemic barriers such as limited infrastructure and a shortage of mental health professionals.