The cultural impact of theological difference between Sunni Muslims and Shi’a

Abstract

This study examines the theological and cultural distinctions between Sunni Muslims and Shi’a regarding their causes, development and influence on the formation of Muslim identity. The research examines differences in doctrine like Imamate, authority, eschatology, interpretation of the scripture, the resultant cultural expressions in ritual, education and social life. It further examines modern Sunni–Shi’a relations in the sociopolitical and interfaith contexts. The findings reveal that despite the differences in theological constructions between the two traditions, they are essentially rooted in core Islamic principles of tawḥīd (oneness), justice and moral responsibility. The research concludes that theological allegiance and cultural coexistence are achievable through scholarship, dialogue and obedience to Qur'anic ethics. The research helps to further encourage informed knowledge and intellectual exchange in the global Muslim world.