Determinants of entrepreneurial skills among middle school Muslim students in North Bekasi, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examined personal, family, educational, and socio-cultural factors as determinants of entrepreneurial skills among Muslim middle school students in North Bekasi, Indonesia. The sample comprised 120 students from five schools: Saga Life School, SMP Global Prima Islamic School, SMP IT Al Manar, SMP Mutiara 17 Agustus, and SMP Travina Prima. Data were collected using validated instruments and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and simple linear regression at a 0.05 significance level. Results revealed significant positive relationships between all four independent variables and students’ entrepreneurial skills: personal factors (R = 0.881, R² = 77.6%), socio-cultural factors (R = 0.873, R² = 76.3%), family factors (R = 0.803, R² = 64.5%), and educational factors (R = 0.789, R² = 62.2%). Personal factors emerged as the strongest predictor, highlighting the influence of self-confidence, motivation, and risk-taking attitudes. All null hypotheses were rejected.

Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools integrate entrepreneurship education through project-based and values-driven approaches, families encourage entrepreneurial thinking at home, policymakers include culturally and religiously relevant content in the curriculum, and community institutions promote ethical entrepreneurship as a pathway to self-reliance and service.