The Rhetorical Function of Iltifāt in the Qur'ān

Abstract

The Qur'ān is divine speech, at the pinnacle of eloquence and a true linguistic miracle. Its structure differs from ordinary Arabic because it is not bound by basic grammatical patterns. People who fail to grasp its depth sometimes claim that there are grammatical mistakes in the Qur'ān. In fact, many rhetorical devices are deliberately used in it as part of its linguistic eloquence as evidence of its miraculous nature. One of them is the rhetorical function of iltifāt, which is a sudden grammatical shift in speech from one linguistic form to another. Iltifāt has various types and is used in the context appropriate to it, to enhance linguistic eloquence and add depth to the message. This is not just a grammatical shift but a semantic transition that demands deep understanding and awareness. Scholars have shown profound interest in the study of various Qur'ānic sciences throughout history. But iltifāt is one of the unique rhetorical functions that has not received due attention, but instead appears only in scattered discussions across scholarly works. This study aims to fill this gap and to clarify how this rhetorical function is used in the Qur'ānic text and to reveal hidden secrets of this stylistic shift. This study focuses on the interpretation of selected instances of various types of iltifāt in the Qur'ān to highlight the intentional use of this rhetorical device and to explain its rhetorical purposes. After the introduction, literature review, and discussion of historical development, the next three chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of the various types of iltifāt with the aim of revealing some of the wisdom ​​and secrets behind its use. The findings of the study indicate that the rhetorical function of iltifāt has several layers and produce multiple effects after catching the audience’s attention. One should therefore understand its various aspects to fully grasp and appreciate this stylistic shift in the Qur'ānic verses.