التمييز في سور الإسراء والكهف ومريم

Abstract

One of the chapters in the rule of Arabic Language is Tamyīz (the Distinctive). Tamyīz is ism manṣūb (noun with open ending) located at the end of words to explain the vague thing in a sentence or word. Indeed the verses of Al-Qurān Al-Karīm contains many this rule, particularly in the following three sūrah: Al-Isrā, Al-Kahf and Maryam. The aim of the study is the examination of Tamyīz in those three sūrah to determine its locations, types, and i’rāb (declension). The methodology used in this study is the identification and collection of Tamyīz in the three sūrah. The books of i’rāb and tafsīr are used in this process in order to organize the collections by the type and the i’rāb. For example in the word of Allah: "وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ مَّرَدًّا" (مريم: 76). The Tamyīz in this verse is: "ثَوَابًا" and "مَرَدًّا". Both serve to explain the previous sentence: "وَالْبَاقِيَاتُ الصَّالِحَاتُ خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ". Originally this two words is mubtada’ in meaning, and the meaning of this sentence is: "وَ ثَوَابُ الْبَاقِيَاتِ الصَّالِحَاتِ و مرَدُّها خَيْرٌ عِندَ رَبِّكَ", so the muḍāf and muḍāf ilaih are hidden, then the muḍāf is appeared in the form of Tamyīz. The rule of this Tamyīz is always manṣūb and should not be majrūr with مِنْ or iḍāfah. The findings of this study showed the identification of seventy-six (76) Tamyiz in those three sūrah. The types of Tamyīz included tamyīz adh-dhāt (al-‘adad aṣ-ṣarīḥ, al-‘adad al-mubham, far’u at-tamyīz, and mā ujriya majrá al-miqdār), tamyīz an-nisbah (muḥawwal ‘an al-mubtada’, muḥawwal ‘an al-fā’il, muḥawwal ‘an al-maf’ūl bih, al-mushabbah bi al-muḥawwal, and ghairu al-muḥawwal), and the hidden of tamyīz. The i’rāb is divided into wujūb an-naṣab, wujūb al-jarr bi min, wujūb al-jarr bi al-iḍāfah, manṣūb ghāliban, jawāz an-naṣab aw al-jarr bi min, and jawāz an-naṣab aw al-jarr bi min aw bi al-iḍāfah aw al-itbā’. The implication of this study is to enrich knowledge of the Arabic linguistics and i’rāb of Al-Qurān, especially concerning the types of Tamyīz and its i’rāb. And it has identified different patterns of Tamyiz in the three surah.