IMPLEMENTASI SIYASAH SYAR’IYYAH DALAM PENGANGKATAN DAN PENGUNDURAN DIRI PEMIMPIN: STUDI PERBANDINGAN ANTARA INDONESIA DAN ARAB SAUDI

Abstract

This research is motivated by contemporary issues related to the appointment and resignation of leaders in the Islamic system of government, which often trigger political and social conflicts. This study focuses on the implementation of siyasah shar'iyyah principles in two different contexts, namely Indonesia as a democratic country with a majority Muslim population and Saudi Arabia as an absolute monarchy that bases its government on Islamic law. This research aims to explore the views of siyasah shari'iyyah regarding the appointment of leaders and their conditions, the mechanism for resigning leaders and steps taken in emergency conditions, as well as the importance of legitimacy and effectiveness in leadership. The research methodology uses a qualitative approach with descriptive comparative analysis. Data was obtained through literature review, official documents, and analysis of laws in both countries. The results show that in Indonesia, the implementation of siyasah shari'iyyah faces great challenges in harmonizing Islamic values with the modern democratic system, especially in determining the criteria for leaders and the legislative process that emphasizes formality. On the other hand, in Saudi Arabia, the implementation of siyasah shar'iyyah is more integrated into the structure of absolute monarchy, with the main focus on government stability through the mechanism of allegiance, emergency management, and protection of religious values. The research also found that siyasah shar'iyyah plays an important role in maintaining social prosperity and the balance between the public good and compliance with Islamic law. The study's conclusion underlines that the principles of maslahah (benefit), shura (deliberation), and 'is (justice) are key elements for creating a just, effective, and welfare-oriented government. This study offers recommendations for leaders and policymakers to adopt the values of siyasah shar'iyyah as a guide in managing an ideal modern government. As a suggestion, further research could be conducted to examine the application of siyasah shar'iyyah in countries with different political and social contexts, to broaden the understanding of the flexibility and relevance of this principle in modern governance.