PLURALISME DALAM ISLAM: ANALISIS KOMPARATIF KONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN IBNU ARABI DAN FAZLUR RAHMAN

Abstract

Pluralism in Islam is a crucial issue in contemporary Muslim societies confronted with the reality of religious and belief diversity. This study aims to analyze and compare the concept of pluralism in the thought constructions of Ibn Arabi and Fazlur Rahman, and to formulate its implications for the development of Islamic pluralism discourse in the context of modern Muslim societies, particularly in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research. Data were obtained from the construction of the two figures' thoughts, supported by relevant secondary literature, and then analyzed using a comparative-interpretive approach to identify indicators of pluralism in the aspects of interfaith truth, religious freedom, and social ethics. The results show that Ibn Arabi's thought construction interprets pluralism within a spiritual-Sufi framework through the concept of the religion of love, which encourages inclusiveness and respect for differences in belief. Meanwhile, Fazlur Rahman positions pluralism as an ethical consequence of the universal message of the Quran through an ethical-historical approach and the double movement method. This study concludes that the relevant pluralism in Islam is theologically limited ethical-social pluralism, which functions to guarantee justice, religious freedom, and respect for human dignity without negating the principles of Islamic faith.