Faculty Research and Publications
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Item Guarantees in Ṣukūk between Sharīʿah Objectives and Contract Conditions(2019) Salama, M. A. R.Guarantees offered for ṣukūk in Islamic finance have become a problematic issue of discussion. From the authors’ perspective, the issue should be approached from two aspects: one considering the required conditions for the validity of contracts and the other considering the Sharīʿah objectives. This research aims to emphasize the necessity of considering the objectives of contracts from a Sharīʿah perspective before judging their validity; particularly with regard to guaranteed ṣukūk. To achieve this goal, the research employs two methods: one descriptive and the other analytical as well as critical. The research has concluded that it is not permissible to stipulate holding the ṣukūk issuer liable neither for the ṣukūk nominal values nor for a predetermined amount of profit; that the idea of holding the ṣukūk issuer responsible based on considering him a joint muḍārib is not founded on solid evidence; that it is not permissible for the muḍārib, partner, or wakīl to be committed to give loan to ṣukūk holders when the actual return for ṣukūk is less than expected; that, in some of their applications, ṣukūk based on lease ending with ownership involve the impermissible ʿīnah transaction; that guarantees in ṣukūk contradict Sharīʿah rules when the issuer undertakes to purchase the ṣukūk assets at their nominal values at the end of the muḍārabah, mushārakah, or wakālah; and that the criteria to assess Islamic ṣukūk on the basis of Sharīʿah objectives can be divided into: criteria related to the motive, criteria related to the ontract structure, and criteria for the outcomes of implementing the product.Item Al-Takeef al-Fiqhi li Halat al-Ghaybubah al-Mustadamah wa Atharuhu ala al-Ahkam al-Fiqhiyyah(2019) Salama, M. A. R.تعرض الفقهاء للأحكام الفقهية المتعلقة بالمغمي عليه، باعتبار الإغماء من عوارض الأهلية، واعتبروا امتدادها أمرًا نادرًا، والنادر لا حكم له. لكن مع التطور الطبي الحديث أمكن إبقاء المريض في حالات غيبوبة قد تمتد لشهور أو لسنين، خاصة ما يعرف بحالة الغيبوبة النباتية المستدامة، بما يستدعي إعادة النظر في تصور الفقهاء للمسألة والأحكام الفقهية المبنية على هذا التصور، ومن ثم يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الغيبوبة المستدامة، والتكييف الفقهي لمريض هذه الحالة، وأثر هذا التكييف على أحكام العبادات والمعاملات الخاصة به، وفي سبيل ذلك وظف الباحث كلا من المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج المقارن. وأسفر البحث عن مجموعة من النتائج تميز حالة مريض الغيبوبة المستدامة عن حالة الإغماء المعتاد في عدد من الأحكام الفقهية المتعلقة بالعبادات والمعاملات والجنايات، من أهمها في العبادات أنه لا يلزمه قضاء شيء من الصلوات الفائتة حال الغيبوبة، وأنه إذا طرأت الغيبوبة بعد دخول وقت صلاة لا يلزمه قضاؤها، وأن قضاء الصوم يسقط عنه، وأن من دخل في الغيبوبة أثناء الصيام يصح صومه في ذلك اليوم، خاصة إن صح له نصف اليوم فأكثر، وأن من دخل في الغيبوبة قبل الإحرام يجوز الإحرام عنه انتظارًا لإفاقته حتي يباشر أعمال الحج بنفسه، وإلا صار محصراً، ومن دخل في الغيبوبة بعد الإحرام وامتدت الغيبوبة إلي وقت الوقوف بعرفة صار محصرًا، فإن كانت بعد الوقوف والطواف والسعي فقد تم حجه ويحلق له شعره ويذبح عنه دم فدية لترك الرمي. وفي المعاملات ينصب له القاضي من يتولى شئونه المالية ومعاملاته وإليه يؤول الفصل في العقود المعلقة والقائمة، وفي النكاح تسقط ولايته خاصة مع خوف فوات الكفء، ويجوز للزوجة فسخ النكاح للضرر مع طول مدة الإغماء، وفي الجنايات إذا كان الحد الثابت لا يترتب عليه استيفاء نفسه فلا فائدة من إقامة الحد عليه قبل الإفاقة، فتنتظر إفاقته ولو لسنين وأما ما يترتب عليه استيفاء النفس فتنزع أجهزة الإعاشة عنه في حال صدور حكم بات بالعقوبة، وبهذا يتم تنفيذ العقوبة، لأنه يموت على إثر ذلك، إلا إذا كان الحد مبينًا على إقرار سابق يقبل الرجوع فيه، فينتظر إفاقته.well as critical. The research has concluded that it is not permissible to stipulate holding the ṣukūk issuer liable neither for the ṣukūk nominal values nor for a predetermined amount of profit; that the idea of holding the ṣukūk issuer responsible based on considering him a joint muḍārib is not founded on solid evidence; that it is not permissible for the muḍārib, partner, or wakīl to be committed to give loan to ṣukūk holders when the actual return for ṣukūk is less than expected; that, in some of their applications, ṣukūk based on lease ending with ownership involve the impermissible ʿīnah transaction; that guarantees in ṣukūk contradict Sharīʿah rules when the issuer undertakes to purchase the ṣukūk assets at their nominal values at the end of the muḍārabah, mushārakah, or wakālah; and that the criteria to assess Islamic ṣukūk on the basis of Sharīʿah objectives can be divided into: criteria related to the motive, criteria related to the contract structure, and criteria for the outcomes of implementing the product.Item As-Si’dī’s Exposition on Al-Adillah: Anchoring Islamic Jurisprudence In Qur’ānic and Prophetic Foundations(Sprin Journal of Arabic-English studies, 2024) Ganai, Maasid Siddiq MohiyuddinThis paper delves into the profound contributions of ‘Abdur Raḥmān Nāṣir As-Si’dī in elucidating the concept of Al-Adillah within the realm of Islamic jurisprudence. By exploring As-Si’dī’s systematic approach to the evidentiary sources of Fiqh, the study underscores the centrality of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, alongside the complementary roles of Ijmā’(consensus) and Al-Qiyās Aṣ-Ṣaḥīḥ (sound analogy), as foundational pillars for deriving legal rulings. As-Si’dī’s work reaffirms the integration and coherence of these sources within the Islamic legal framework, countering claims that Fiqh is devoid of scriptural basis. This investigation highlights As-Si’dī’s insistence on the rootedness of Islamic Aḥkām in these evidences, whether through direct textual references, scholarly consensus, or rational deduction. The paper emphasizes that true jurisprudential understanding and application hinge on tracing legal reasoning back to these established sources, a principle deeply embedded in traditional Islamic scholarship. Through As-Si’dī’s lens, the paper reveals the depth of Islamic legal theory’s fidelity to its foundational texts, offering insights into the enduring relevance and unity of Islamic jurisprudenceItem Islamic Finance In Ethiopia: Current Status, Prospects And Challenges(International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research, 2021) Nissar, Ahmad YatooEthiopia is a country found in the horn of Africa and notable in the Muslim world as the destination of the two migration of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Ethiopia has a Muslim population expected to be around 50 million. Unfortunately, with this significant Muslim population, it accommodates Islamic finance in its conventional financial system lately. This study aims to investigate the current status, prospects, and challenges of Islamic finance in Ethiopia. For these reasons, different secondary data were collected and analyzed. The result of the study indicated that Islamic finance in Ethiopia is representing by three financial institutions such as Islamic banks, Islamic Insurance and Islamic microfinance. Islamic banking is providing through the Interest-free banking window and fully-fledged forms of interest-free banking. The interest-free banking window system is adopted by conventional banks, whereas Full-fledged Islamic Banks providing services using their own separate Sharia-compliant financial system. The result also indicated that high public demand, adequate capital for the establishment, availability of substantial customers, easy deposit mobilization and profitability are the foremost opportunities for Islamic finance in Ethiopia. Whereas, negative perception about Islamic finance, legal framework challenges such as restriction of investment and double taxation, and lack of skilled human resources are the main potential hindrances for the sector.