Faculty Research and Publications

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An Assessment of Factors that Influence Takaful Patronage in Kano Metropolis
(Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics, 2025) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Yahya, Muhammad G.; Abdullahi, Muhammad I.; Sanusi, Soliha
Objective – Takaful holds significant promise in Nigeria, particularly in the Northern region, which is predominantly inhabited by Muslims. It is anticipated that this region will favor Takaful due to the lack of interest in conventional insurance. Thus, the main objective of this study is to empirically examine the factors that influence patronage of Takaful among senior secondary school teachers in Kano metropolis. Design/Methodology – This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data were used, with a questionnaire serving as the instrument for data collection. A random sampling technique was employed to select secondary schools from each of the eight metropolitan local governments in Kano State, while a purposive sampling technique was used to capture the target respondents. The study applied Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using SPSS version 22 and AMOS statistical software. Results – The findings reveal that all the independent variables of the study—namely awareness, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—significantly influence patronage of Takaful. Research Limitations/Implications – The study recommends that, first, the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) liaise with relevant stakeholders (i.e., Takaful companies) to develop effective promotion strategies through both online and offline media in order to improve awareness levels. Second, NAICOM and Takaful companies should develop a blueprint aimed at improving the attitudes of senior secondary school teachers in Kano toward Takaful products and services through workshops, symposiums, and seminars. Third, Takaful companies, in collaboration with the Kano State Secondary Schools Management Board (KSSSMB), should undertake awareness initiatives to encourage teachers to purchase Takaful products and services. Lastly, Takaful companies in Kano, KSSSMB, and other relevant stakeholders should advocate for incorporating Takaful into insurance policy as an alternative to conventional insurance, given its recognition as an ethical mechanism for risk management. Novelty/Originality – This research is novel as it highlights the relevance of Takaful at the school level, an area that has been largely ignored.
The Role of Awareness and Perception of Islamic Banking on Financial Inclusion in Nigeria: An Empirical Evidence
(Al Qasimia University Journal of Islamic Economics, 2025) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Jibril, Binta Tijjani
In recent years, Nigeria has seen significant transformations in its financial sector, notably with the introduction of Islamic banking. This shift towards more inclusive financial platforms is seen as essential for increasing economic participation and reducing poverty. This research delves into how awareness and perception of Islamic banking influence financial inclusion in Nigeria. Utilizing an exploratory research design and purposive and cluster sampling methods, the study gathered data through questionnaires. The analysis, conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS software version 4, applied Path Modeling to explore the relationships among the study variables. Findings demonstrate that both awareness (β=0.355, p<0.00) and perception (β=0.476, p<0.00) of Islamic banking are significantly associated with financial inclusion. Based on these insights, the study suggests several strategies to improve financial inclusion, enhancing public awareness about Islamic banking, strengthening regulatory frameworks, promoting financial literacy, encouraging partnerships to drive inclusion, and investing in research and development for innovative financial products.
Entrepreneurship Development in Polytechnics: A Study of Students’ Motivation in Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria
(Bayero Journal of African Entrepreneurship Studies, 2017) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Aliyu, Sirajo; Ahmed, Selim
Entrepreneurship education is recognized as a key determinant of entrepreneurial development in developing countries. In Nigeria, National Board of Technical Education (NBTE) in 2006 mandated the teaching of entrepreneurship education courses to all Polytechnics. The study investigates entrepreneurship education among students of entrepreneurship determinants of Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. Currently, there are limited empirical studies focusing on the intention of students in Nigerian Polytechnics. The study employs the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial intention of the students. The results show that personal attitude is the most significant predictor of entrepreneurial intention. In addition, perceived behavioural control also influences intention, while subjective norm has less influence compared to other factors. The implication of this study is that any policy input in a related direction must pay attention to students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship and also consider making policies that will attract students toward self-reliant initiatives.
Zakah Distribution among Asnaf in Wilayah and Selangor: An Analytic Hierarchy Process
(Bayero International Journal of Islamic Finance (BIJIF), 2014) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Oladokun, N.; Amin, M. D. F.
The main objective of this paper is to empirically assess experts’ views on the allocation of zakah with a view to prioritizing zakah proceeds among the asnaf (beneficiaries). The study focuses on two states in Malaysia, the Selangor State and the Federal Capital Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Wilayah). This enables comparison between the two states, since the two are city-states. The research methodology employed is Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results from data show that among the eight asnaf, gharimin, amil, and fisabilillah received high priority followed by miskin and the fakir. These suggest that to improve collections, administrators and disbursement of zakah in the affected regions, consideration should be taken of findings into serious considerations.
Harnessing Waqf for the Socio-Economic Development of Muslims in Northern Nigeria
(The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), 2015) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Naiya, Isma’eel Ibrahim
Waqf is a unique Islamic economic institution that has played a remarkable role in the history of Islam. Its potential and relevance recognize no time and boundary. The paper aims to discuss the various dimensions that waqf can play for the socio-economic development of Muslims in the North. Despite the abundant natural and human resources in Nigeria, many of her citizens suffer from high levels of poverty. This situation is worse in the North with a predominantly Muslim majority, whereby the skills for survival in the modern era are few and the traditional methods of earning a living are abandoned. The methodology utilizes secondary sources of data, such as books, contemporary journal articles, conference proceedings and reports. In addition, personal observation and interviews were employed in the study. The findings reveal that waqf can be used to improve the socio-economic conditions of Muslims in the north through social, economic and educational empowerment. Meanwhile, there is the need to create laws where they do not exist or strengthen the existing waqf law to allow it to grow and contribute on a large scale towards the socio-economic welfare of the society. However, the paper is largely conceptual. Thus, further studies should consider the empirical approach to examine the prospects and the obstacles.
Integration of waqf-Islamic microfinance model for poverty reduction: The case of Bangladesh
(International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2015) Haneef, Mohamed Aslam; Pramanik, Ataul Huq; Mohammed, Mustafa Omar; Amin, Md. Fouad Bin; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru
Purpose – This paper aims to develop an integrated waqf-based Islamic microfinance (IsMF) for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have been constrained by the high cost of funds, high interest rate charges and poor human resource quality of the recipients. Islamic MFIs have recently evolved with the hope of overcoming these financial, ethical and human capital deficiencies faced by the conventional financial institutions. Moreover, a good number of integrated models have been proposed to enhance the role played by Islamic MFIs. Most of these models, however, lack empirical justifications. Design/methodology/approach – The research uses survey techniques. A total of 381 respondents were included in the survey. The integrated waqf-based Islamic microfinance model (IWIMM) was earlier on developed using literature and intellectual discussions. There are six constructs presenting the IWIMM, namely, waqf resources, IsMF, takaful, project financing, human resource development and poverty alleviation. In the survey instrument, 45 items represent the six constructs, but only 26 items have been retained after factor analysis. Structural equation modelling has been adopted to examine the relationship among the constructs. Findings – The results show that there are significant relationships between IsMF and takaful, waqf resources and human resource development, takaful and human resource development, IsMF and human resource development and, waqf resources and project financing. The results also indicate that poverty alleviation is possible through the integration of these constructs. Research limitations/implications – Though the paper has studied conventional and Islamic MFIs in Bangladesh, one of the populated Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries and also where poverty incidence is high, further studies need to be conducted in other OIC member countries to adopt the model in line with practical and regulatory environment of those countries.
Integrated Waqf Based Islamic Microfinance Model (IWIMM) for Poverty Alleviation in OIC Member Countries
(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2014) Haneef, Mohamed Aslam; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Pramanik, Ataul Huq; Mohammed, Mustafa Omar
Poverty dominates the agenda of developing countries. Poverty was and still is one of the major impediments of human progress and societal development. Its existence is as old as human history while its alleviation is attributed to effective and successfull economic policies. Various approaches/policies are offered towards reducing poverty. These policies vary depending on time, space and the country concernced. However, reduction of poverty the major goal of many economic systems as stated by the Millenium Development Goals, thought sometimes not explicitly stated It was found that in OIC member countries religious and cultural norms drive preference of Islamic microfinance over conventional microfinance. The study further developed an Integrated waqf based Islamic micrfinance model (IWIMM) for poverty reduction in OIC memebr countries. This is expected to overcome the challenges of conventional microfinance such as, high cost of capital, low quality of human resource, vulnerabilites of poor borrowers due to lack of sustainable takaful and limited products for the clients with different occupationanl backgrounds. However, the model is yet to be verified empirically. Thus, further studies should be conducted to test the model using quantitative techniques such as, structural equation modelling (SEM).
Risk Management Practices In Islamic Banking Institutions: A Comparative Study Between Malaysia And Jordan
(Journal of Applied Business Research, 2014) Rahman, Rashidah Abdul; Alsmady, Ahnaf; Ibrahim, Zuraeda; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru
The results of the analysis revealed that factors, such as the level of understanding risk management, risk assessment and analysis, risk control, and monitoring, feature more prominently in Malaysian Islamic Banks than in their Jordanian counterparts. However, Jordan’s IBs are ahead in terms of the level of risk management practices. Both countries are similar in their risk identification. It is also found that Islamic Banks in Malaysia and Jordan are somewhat reasonably efficient in managing risk where risk assessment and analysis (RAA), and risk control and monitoring (RCM) are the most influencing variables in RMPs in Malaysia; whilst understanding risk management (URM) and risk control and monitoring (RCM) are good predictors of RMPs in Jordan.
Integration of Waqf and Islamic Microfinance for Poverty Reduction: A Survey in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
(Journal of Islamic Finance, 2013) Haneefa, Mohamed A.; Pramanik, Ataul Huq; Mohammed, Mustafa O.; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Amin, Fouad B.
Waqf has generally been related to the religion and the socio-economic system of Muslim societies. It has played a vital role throughout Islamic history. On the other hand, Islamic Microfinance (IsMF) is expanding rapidly in the Muslim countries. The IsMF is considered as a key instrument for providing funds to poor micro investors. Since both waqf and IsMF emphasize sustainability, and since waqf can assist to reduce the cost of capital in operation of IsMF, the research aims to develop an integrated waqf based microfinance model applicable in some Muslim countries. This will ensure utilisation of the combined resources of Waqf and IMF institutions in alleviating poverty, an objective that both the two institutions share. The present study focuses in in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia, using 102 sahabat (clients) from Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). Structural equation modeling is adopted to examine the relationship among the five constructs i.e., Waqf Resources, IsMF, Takaful, Human Resources and Poverty Alleviation. While the reliability and validity were established, the structural relationship between the constructs reveals that the model has to be modified. Specifically, the result shows only takaful has significant impact in reducing poverty while others are found to be insignificant. This suggests that the model as well as the instrument should be further developed.
Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty with Non-Interest Bank in Nigeria
(International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 2021) Sulaiman, Sagir Muhammad; Muhammad, Muhammad Abdulaziz; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Sabiu, Tasiu Tijjani
The world has become a global village as competition among banks is now intense. Globalization is fuelling increased competition in Nigerian banking industry and as a result, banks are challenged to adopt customer centred strategies that would enable them to gain customer loyalty, maximize profitability and survive the competition. There is no business that survives without customers’ patronage and Islamic banks are not an exception. Customers are key stakeholders to the survival of any business, thus, satisfying the customer through providing high quality services is core to Islamic banking business. The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of customer satisfaction in investigating the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty in non-interest bank i.e. Jaiz Bank of Kano state metropolis, Nigeria. The variance based (SEM) technique is employed in analyzing the hypothesized model of the study. Service quality positively and significantly influences customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, whereas, customer satisfaction does not significantly mediate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty among customers of Jaiz bank in Kano state metropolis, Nigeria.
Designing Islamic Microfinance Products for Islamic Banks in Malaysia
(Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2013) Hassan, Salwana; Rahman, Rashidah Abdul; Bakar, Nordin Abu; Mohd, Rohani; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru
Microfinance is recognized as a developmental tool to fight poverty. Recent studies have shown positive impacts of the microfinance on the income and health of the clients. It has started in Bangladesh and spread to other continents of the world. However, there is agitation that microfinance has not been able to achieve its objective of fighting poverty. This is due to the shift that has taken place in the industry from poverty focused to profit oriented business. Above all, microfinance faces other challenges on its way to succeed. One of the major challenges is that the product is not universally applicable or it does not tailor with the belief system of the Muslims. Since interest (riba) is prohibited in Islam, many Muslims denounce conventional microfinance for fear of violating their religious injunctions even though many others have accepted it out of necessity. The objective of this paper is to propose a shariah compliant microfinance product in Islamic banking operations particularly in Malaysia.
Microfinance in Nigeria and the Prospects of Introducing an Islamic Version in the Light of Selected Muslim Countries’ Experience
(Review of Islamic Economics, 2009) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Hasan, Zubair
Widespread poverty remains one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today, making its alleviation a central global priority. In recent years, microfinance has emerged as an important tool for poverty reduction, particularly in developing countries. Currently, more than 7,000 micro-lending institutions provide financial services to over 25 million low-income individuals worldwide, the majority of whom are women. Despite this progress, these institutions face significant challenges, especially in less developed countries where poverty levels remain high. In Nigeria, the reach of existing microfinance services remains limited, serving fewer than 1 million people out of an estimated 40 million potential beneficiaries. Furthermore, microcredit facilities account for only about 0.2% of GDP and less than 1% of total credit in the economy. Such limited coverage constrains the effectiveness of microfinance in addressing poverty and, if not adequately improved, may further hinder economic growth and development. Additionally, many microfinance institutions in Nigeria charge extremely high interest rates—sometimes reaching up to 100% on loans—while offering very low returns on savings, often around 5%. This disparity exacerbates existing inequalities in income and wealth distribution. Given that Nigeria has a significant Muslim population, there is strong potential for Islamic microfinance, particularly since many Muslims avoid conventional interest-based financial services due to religious considerations. This misalignment may also limit the effectiveness of government-led poverty alleviation programs that rely on conventional microfinance models. In this context, Islamic microfinance presents a more suitable alternative, offering ethical and faith-compliant financial solutions that could better serve the population. This study draws on sources from Shari’ah law, as well as secondary data from journals, periodicals, conference proceedings, textbooks, internet sources, and other published materials to support its arguments.
The Role of Islamic Social Finance in Empowering Youth and Women in Sokoto State of Nigeria
(Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 2018) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Maidoki, Muhammad Lawal; Sani, Usman Buhari
Islamic social finance is an emerging field of study and practice, distinct from commercial finance, focusing on financing individuals and communities to support socio-economic development. Despite its growing importance, it faces sustainability challenges arising from legal and regulatory constraints, as well as limited awareness among members of society. The development of Islamic social finance in Nigeria can be traced back to the Islamic revival led by Shehu Uthman Bin Fodio in 1804. More recently, the establishment of the Zakat and Endowment Committee in Sokoto in 2007 contributed to increasing awareness and practice of contemporary Islamic social finance. This progress was further strengthened in 2016 when the government transformed the Committee into a Commission, granting it greater independence to initiate and implement its policies. This paper aims to examine two recently implemented initiatives, namely the Youth and Women Empowerment programs. The study adopts a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis, based on two focus group sessions conducted with youth and women entrepreneurs who benefited from the empowerment programs implemented by the SZEC. The findings indicate that youth participants have been able to harness their potential by expanding their businesses and improving the quality of their products and services—such as shoe repair—due to the skills acquired through training. Similarly, women participants have experienced significant improvements in their welfare and that of their children, and have been able to sustain their businesses as stable sources of income. However, participants identified the marketing of their finished products as the main challenge they continue to face.
Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) among Undergraduate Students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM): Empirical Evidence
(Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Haneef, Mohamed Aslam; Abubakar, Isa Ado
Recently, entrepreneurship receives most attention than ever before. The importance of inculcating entrepreneurship education among young and fresh graduates cannot be over stressed. Similarly, studies show that student who participates in entrepreneurship program is more willing to start his own business than a student who does not undergo any of these programs. The recent financial crisis serves as lessons for employees and potential graduates that should no longer rely on big companies. The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors that determine entrepreneurship intentions among University students. The paper employed Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), to examine the students` intentions to start up small scale businesses. Based on the sample size of 222, it was found that power of behavioral control and personal attitude are the major determinants to start up. Other interesting findings revealed in the study were the mediating roles of personal attitude and power of behavioral control. The research utilizes Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the analysis and Amos software version 18 to test the hypotheses.
Applicability of the Islamic Micro-Investment Model (IMIM) in Islamic Bank in Malaysia
(World Applied Sciences Journal, 2013) Rahman, Rashidah Abdul; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Mahayudin, Ismail
Support for Smallholder Farmers through Islamic Instruments: The Case of Bangladesh and Lessons for Nigeria
(International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2019) Hossain, Ishrat; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Jibril, Binta Tijjani; Kaitibie, Simeon
Islamic social finance is an emerging area of study and practice, distinct from commercial finance. It focuses on financing members of a community or country to support socio-economic development. However, it faces challenges related to sustainability, arising either from legal and regulatory frameworks or from a lack of awareness among members of society. The history of Islamic social finance in Nigeria can be traced back to the revival of Islam led by Shehu Uthman Bin Fodio in 1804. In recent years, the establishment of the Zakat and Endowment Committee in Sokoto in 2007 marked a renewed awareness and practice of Islamic social finance. This was further strengthened in 2016 when the government transformed the Committee into a Commission, granting it greater independence to initiate and implement its policies. This paper aims to examine two recently implemented projects, namely the Youth and Women Empowerment programs. The study adopts a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis. Two focus group sessions were conducted with youth and women entrepreneurs who benefited from the empowerment programs implemented by the SZEC. The findings reveal that youth participants have been able to harness their potential by expanding their businesses and improving the quality of their products and services, such as shoe repair, as a result of the skills acquired through training. Similarly, women participants have significantly improved their welfare and that of their children. They have also been able to sustain their businesses as reliable sources of income. However, participants identified the marketing of their finished products as the main challenge they continue to face.
Behavioral Intention to Pay Zakah on Employment Income among Academicians in Kano State, Nigeria
(Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 2016) Dandago, Kabiru Isa; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Abba, Safiyya Abubakar
The institution of zakah is the cornerstone of the Islamic economic system and the disbursement of the zakah fund in line with the Qur’anic injunction ensures equitable distribution and transfer of wealth from the rich to the poor. However, zakah practice in many Muslim countries left wide gap especially in realizing the goal of zakah in poverty reduction. For instance, zakah on employment income is largely neglected despite its juristic backing and changing economic structure that creates high professional income earners that form either upper middle class or lower middle class of the society. The objective of this paper is to explore the intention of income earners to pay zakah on their employment income in Kano State as this will add to the zakatable sources of the State Zakah commission. The paper employed Theory of Reasoned Action to examine the behavioral intention of 300 academics across Kano state government owned tertiary educational institutions to pay zakah on their income. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data collected. The overall result shows that the respondents have favorable behavioral intention towards payment of zakah on employment income. Specifically, the positive effect of both attitudinal beliefs and subjective norm on the behavioral intention is revealed. Hence, the need to come up with a comprehensive policy that will boost zakah collection, consequently its distribution to reduce extreme poverty in the state.
Entrepreneurial Intention Among Nigerian University Students
(American Journal of Business Education, 2015) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Aliyu, Sirajo; Ahmed, Selim
Entrepreneurial intention (EI) is one of the major contributing factors to the formation, growth and development of entrepreneurship. It promotes self reliance and brings about initiatives. Entreprenuership on the other hand, has been considered as an engine of growth for economic growth and development of developed and emerging economies. Acadamic discussions and policy initiatives are increasing nowadays on the vital role of entrepreneurial development in a society. This has been buttressed by the recent loss of jobs due to 2008-2009 financial crisis as well as increasing unemloyment across the globe. In Nigeria, the official rate of unemployment is around 24 percent while 46.5 percent of the youth population are unemployed. The unemployed rate among gradutes has increased from 25.6 percent in 2003 to 42.7 percent in 2011. This unwelcome development requires a concerted effort at academic and governmental levels. The objective of this paper is to examine the entreprenuerial intenton among University students in Nigeria. This will help to identify entreprenuerial intention which determines behaviour as well as the need to gauge entrepreneurial awareness among the respondents. The paper uses a modified version of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as the main framework of examining entrepreneurial intention. A sample size of 205 was drawn from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Univesity (ATBU). Data was analysed using structural equation modeling. The findings show that, entrepreneurial attitude, subjective norm and power of behavioural control are all significant predictors of EI. In addition, other indirect relationships were also found to be significant. Overall the result shows the model fits the the data well.
Risk Management Practices in Islamic Banking Institutions: A Comparative Study between Malaysia and Indonesia
(International Journal of Sciences and Research, 2016) Rahman, Rashidah Abdul; Ibrahim, Zuraeda; Tohirin, Achmad; Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Suryaputri, Rossje Vitariamettawaty
This study examines the level of risk management practices among Islamic banks listed under Bank Negara Malaysia, and Islamic banks under the State Bank of Indonesia. This study is an avenue for contributing to the development of risk management practices for the Islamic banking system. The usable data for Malaysia is 136 questionnaires and for Indonesia 70, which gives a total sample of 206. The results show that there are significant differences between Malaysia and Indonesia in terms of the level of risk management practices (RMP), the level of understanding risk management (URM), risk identification and analysis (RAA), as well as risk control and monitoring (RCM). Based on the regression analysis, the result indicates that the Islamic banks in Malaysia need to give more attention to risk identification (RI) and RAA whereas their counterparts in Indonesia need to consider URM, RI and RAA to improve their risk management practices.
Intention to Use the Islamic Micro-Investment Model in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence
(International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, 2016) Muhammad, Aliyu Dahiru; Haneef, Mohamed Aslam; Mohammed, Mustafa Omar
Microfinance was celebrated as an effective tool for poverty alleviation. However, evidence shows that it has been charging high interest rates and exploiting poor income earners. Islamic microfinance, on the other hand, appears too expensive and pursues debt-like contracts that are tantamount to riba. In the case of Nigeria, conventional microfinance has failed to serve the needs of majority poor. Developing an Islamic micro-investment model (IMIM) based on genuine partnership contracts is deemed an appropriate option to overcome the challenges of the existing microfinance institutions. This study develops and tests the Islamic micro-investment model [IMIM based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA)]. The study uses structural equation modelling to examine the applicability and acceptance of the model in Kano State, Nigeria. The result shows that the model fits the data well and that attitude is the major determinant of intention to accept the IMIM among users.

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