Islamic Studies

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    A Grammatical Study of the Omission of Signification Letters/particles in the Chapter of "'Amma” of the Holy Qur’an
    (Cradle of Languages magazine, 2021) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    This paper discusses the general omission of signification letters/particles in Arabic grammar and discusses particularly the statistical application of this omission in the chapter of ‘Amma in the Holy Quran. The study is divided into two sections: The first section deals with the linguistic and technical meaning of the omission of the signification letters. The first section is divided into three subsections. The first discusses omission in Arabic grammar in general. The second discusses the signification letters. The third discusses the omission of signification letters. Each of these subsections discusses the linguistic and technical aspects of the omission. The second section discusses the applied statistical grammatical study on the omission of the signification letters in the chapter of 'Amma in the Holy Quran. This section is further divided into five subsections: the first concerns the omission of the prepositions; the second concerns the omission of the interrogative particle Hamza; the third concerns the omission of the emphatic particle Qad (“قد”); the fourth concerns is the omission of Laam of oath which strengthens the complement of an oath; and the fifth concerns the omission of the conjunction "waaw" ("و"). The researcher concludes with the results of the study and includes a detailed index of the references he used. Keywords: – Omission/deletion – –
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    A Grammatical Study of the Omission of Signification Letters/particles in the Chapter of "'Amma” of the Holy Qur’an
    (Cradle of Languages magazine, 2021) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    This paper discusses the general omission of signification letters/particles in Arabic grammar and discusses particularly the statistical application of this omission in the chapter of ‘Amma in the Holy Quran. The study is divided into two sections: The first section deals with the linguistic and technical meaning of the omission of the signification letters. The first section is divided into three subsections. The first discusses omission in Arabic grammar in general. The second discusses the signification letters. The third discusses the omission of signification letters. Each of these subsections discusses the linguistic and technical aspects of the omission. The second section discusses the applied statistical grammatical study on the omission of the signification letters in the chapter of 'Amma in the Holy Quran. This section is further divided into five subsections: the first concerns the omission of the prepositions; the second concerns the omission of the interrogative particle Hamza; the third concerns the omission of the emphatic particle Qad (“قد ”); the fourth concerns is the omission of Laam of oath which strengthens the complement of an oath; and the fifth concerns the omission of the conjunction "waaw" ("و"). The researcher concludes with the results of the study and includes a detailed index of the references he used.
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    A Grammatical Study of the Omission of Signification Letters/particles in the Chapter of "'Amma” of the Holy Qur’an
    (Cradle of Languages magazine, 2021) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    This paper discusses the general omission of signification letters/particles in Arabic grammar and discusses particularly the statistical application of this omission in the chapter of ‘Amma in the Holy Quran. The study is divided into two sections: The first section deals with the linguistic and technical meaning of the omission of the signification letters. The first section is divided into three subsections. The first discusses omission in Arabic grammar in general. The second discusses the signification letters. The third discusses the omission of signification letters. Each of these subsections discusses the linguistic and technical aspects of the omission. The second section discusses the applied statistical grammatical study on the omission of the signification letters in the chapter of 'Amma in the Holy Quran. This section is further divided into five subsections: the first concerns the omission of the prepositions; the second concerns the omission of the interrogative particle Hamza; the third concerns the omission of the emphatic particle Qad (“قد ”); the fourth concerns is the omission of Laam of oath which strengthens the complement of an oath; and the fifth concerns the omission of the conjunction "waaw" ("و"). The researcher concludes with the results of the study and includes a detailed index of the references he used.
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    A Mixed Methods Study of Mental Health, Emotional Intelligence and Religiosity in Muslim Student
    (International Journal of Islamic Psychology, 2023) Khan, S. R
    Current study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design explored the relationships between mental health, emotional intelligence (EI) and religiosity of Muslim students. Random sampling method was used to recruit students for the quantitative part of the study. 382 students (273 females and 109 males) from higher education institutions participated in the study. No significant difference was reported in the EI and religiosity between the genders and between students from Muslim majority and minority countries. Lower levels of EI and religiosity was reported in the students from non-Islamic institutions when compared to the students from the Islamic institutions as well as in students from the younger age-group in comparison to the students from the older age group. Additionally, this study reported no significant difference in the mental health in the students between the different categories. Majority of the groups showed a negative but significant correlation between mental health (psychological distress) and religiosity. A negative but significant correlation between EI and mental health (psychological distress) was found across all the groups. A positive and significant correlation was shown between EI and religiosity across all categories. To understand these results, a qualitative study was carried out to capture the voice of the experts from the fields of mental health, EI and religiosity. 16 experts participated in the study. Findings of this study showed that various Islamic religious aspects and practices act as protective factors for maintaining good mental health. The presence of a healthy and supportive upbringing was also important for having stable mental health. The experts also reported that many EI competencies are deeply embedded in the teachings of Islam which aids in having high levels of EI which in turn is crucial for sustaining healthy mental states.
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    A Study of Relationship Between Mental Health, Emotional Intelligence and Religiosity Among Muslim Student
    (Journal of Integrated Sciences, 2023-03) Khan, S. R
    This research explored the relationships between mental health, emotional intelligence and religiosity of Muslim students. 382 students (273 females and 109 males) from higher education institutions participated in the study through a random sampling method. These students belonged to both Muslim majority (majorly from Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, the Gambia, Pakistan, GCC) and Muslim minority countries (majorly from India, Ghana, United States). General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Schutte et al., 1998) & IIUM Religiosity Scale (Mahudin, Noor, Dzulkifli, & Janon, 2016) were adapted and used. Results indicated that, there was no significant difference in the religiosity and emotional intelligence of males and females or between students from Muslim majority and Muslim minority countries. However, religiosity and emotional intelligence were lower in the students from non-Islamic Institutes compared to the students from the Islamic Institutes and in students from the younger age group compared to the students from the older age group. At the same time, there was no significant difference in the mental health of the students between the various categories. In the vast majority of groups, there was a negative but significant correlation between emotional intelligence and mental health (psychological distress). A positive and significant correlation was found between emotional intelligence and religiosity across all categories. A negative but significant correlation was also found between mental health (psychological distress) and religiosity across all the groups. The findings of the study indicate that religiosity and emotional intelligence is high in Muslim students which can aid in maintaining good mental health. Religiosity and EI can be used as an intervention in clinical settings to alleviate the psychological distress in students.
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    Acceptance of Online Learning among African Graduates
    (International Open University (IOU), 2022) Ahsan, M.; Afrin, A. B.; Laallam, A.
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    Al-Akhdhu bi al-Istir`a fi al-Fatwa wa al-Qada'
    (2015) Salama, M. A. R.
    يحاول هذا البحث تسليط الضوء على الاسترعاء بوصفه وسيلة من وسائل الإثبات في القضاء، وحيلة شرعية تأصلت ونمت على يد السادة المالكية حتى صار لها وثائق تصدرها الدولة، ويعمل بموجبها القضاة، لكن هذه الوسيلة ضمن وسائل أخرى اختفت مع غل يد القضاة بالقوانين الإجرائية من جهة، ومع فساد الذمم ورقة الديانة من جهة أخرى؛ حيث إنها تستند إلى عدالة الشهود، لكنها مع ذلك يمكن إدخالها بضوابطها في إجراءات الإثبات؛ فهي ليست أقل من القرائن باعتبارها لونًا من الشهادة على أية حال، كما يمكن الإفادة منها في فتاوى النوازل لتكون مخرجًا في بعض المواقف المشكلة التي يصعب فيها الوصول للحق أو التخلص من مأزق دون نوع من التحيل المشروع.
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    Al-Hirabah al-Iliktroniyah
    (2016) Salama, M. A. R.
    صارت الجريمة الإلكترونية على حداثتها من أخطر الجرائم، وأعظمها ضررًا، مع سهولة ارتكابها وتنوع دوافع المرتكبين لها. ومن الجرائم الإلكترونية ما صار يهدد الأمن القومي للدول، والسلم الاجتماعي فيها. ومن ثم تداعت الدول إلى تغيير قوانينها، وإجراءاتها القضائية لتجاري خطورة التحدي الجديد. ولأن من مقاصد شريعتنا الغراء القضاء على الجريمة بكافة أشكالها، ومن أجل ذلك وضعت الحدود، وشرعت التعازير، كان السؤال عن موقف الشريعة من هذا النوع المستحدث من الجرائم. ويحاول هذا البحث معالجة موقف الشريعة من إحدى أشد هذه الجرائم خطورة، وهي جريمة الإرهاب الإلكتروني، وصور ما يمكن تسميته بـ "الحرابة الإلكترونية"، في إعادة قراءة لمفهوم حد الحرابة، ومدى انطباقه على هذا النوع من الجرائم. Though they have appeared very recently, electronic crimes have become so dangerous and destructive taking into consideration their easy commission and the various motives of their perpetrators. Such kinds of crimes have become even threatening to national security and communal peace and stability. Therefore, states have become concerned to make necessary changes in their laws and juridical procedures to cope with the new challenge. Since the shari`ah aims to combat and eradicate crime in all forms (this is why stated penalties have been prescribed and discretionary punishments have been enacted) a question arises about the shari`ah position toward this new kind of crimes. Hence, this research attempts to discover shari`ah position toward such crimes as cyber terrorism and other forms of e-crimes that may constitute what could be called "electronic hirabah" and to reread the concept of hirabah to see
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    Al-Shafahiyyah wa al-Kitabiyyah wa al-Wahy al-Qurani
    (2016) Salama, M. A. R.
    يتميز الوحي القرآني منذ نزوله بالاعتماد في حفظه على ضبط الصدر بالأساس، وقد اشتمل القرآن الكريم على آليات في نظمه معينة على إتقان حفظه؛ وهي آليات تمزج بين تلك الموجودة في النظمين الشعري والنثري، وتنفرد وتتميز عنهما في نفس الوقت، لتكون نظمًا خاصة، تحدى أقحاح العرب أن يأتوا بأقل قدر منه. كذلك اختص الوحي القرآني بطريقة في القراءة والتلاوة، وقد كان لهذه الخصائص في النظم القرآني وفي طريقة التلاوة أثرها الذي لا يخفى على نشأة وتطور علوم تبحثها وتأصل لمسائلها. ومع ذلك اتخذ النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- صلى الله عليه وسلم كتابًا للوحي القرآني إدراكًا منه لأهمية الكتابية، واستشرافًا للتحول الكتابي الذي سيطرأ على الأمة من بعده، بعد أن ظهرت بوادره في عهده. واستكمل الصحابة في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين مسيرة ضبط النص القرآني وحمايته، فكان الجمع الأول في عهد أبي بكر بهدف ضم شتات النص في مصحف واحد مرتب السور بحسب العرضة الأخيرة. ثم كان الجمع الثاني في عهد عثمان بهدف توحيد الأمة وضبط النص القرآني بحسب الحرف الأول الذي نزل به القرآن قبل رخصة الأحرف السبعة، وبحيث تحتمل كلمات النص ما ثبت لدى لجنة الضبط من قراءات قامت عليها البراهين القوية بإجازة النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- لها، وانعقد الإجماع على ما توصلت إليه. ولقد أحدث تدوين القرآن نقلة ثقافية كبيرة للأمة العربية، فساعد على نقاء وتهذيب لغتها من ناحية، وعلى انتشارها مع الإسلام من ناحية أخرى. كما نشأت العلوم المرتبطة بخدمة النص القرآني، ودخلت الأمة مرحلة الحضارة في معارفها وثقافتها وآدابها. إن التزاوج الفريد للشفاهية والكتابية فيما يتعلق بالوحي القرآني يجعل نص القرآن فوق أي مقارنة تحلو للدارسين المهتمين بمسألة الشفاهية والكتابية مع الكتاب المقدس- فضلًا عن غيره من النصوص. وهي المقارنة التي لا تضع في الحسبان ذلك البون الشاسع بين نص إلهي اللفظ والمعنى، حفظ في الصدور والسطور بأعلى درجات التوثيق والنقل، ونص لا يقول أشد المؤمنين به إنه إلهي في لفظه، وإن اعتقد أنه مكتوب بإلهام من الإله، ومر بمراحل كثيرة من التغيير في تاريخه. وقد أقر المنصفون من المستشرقين ممن درسوا النص القرآني في لغته العربية بعيدًا عن التعصب بأنه كتاب فريد لا يمكن أن يكون من صنع بشر
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    Al-Suyuti’s amendments in his book “Uqood Al-Zabarjard” on the rectification of Al-U’kbari’s narration of the expressions of the Noble Prophetic Hadith, and their impact on the orientation of Arabic declension (syntax)
    (Journal of literature foreign languages and Human Sciences, 2022) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    All praises are to Allah, and may salutations and peace be upon His Holy Messenger PBUH. This study discusses a facet of the Arabic grammar which is correlated to the Noble Prophetic Hadith, an aspect that has been neglected by most grammarians in their books either intentionally or by omission and forgetfulness. Additionally, it is well known that the legacy of authorship in the syntax of the prophetic hadith consists of three books which are: The book of Abu Al- Baqaa Al- U’kbari, the book of Ibn Malik, and the book of al-Suyuti. Al-Suyuti had notable amendments and comments in his book “Uqood Al-Zabarjard” on the rectification of Al-U’kbari’s narration of the expressions of the Noble Prophetic Hadith. And this research is an inquisition and an enumeration of the areas of Al-Suyuti’s rectifications of Al-U’kbari in the narration of the expressions of the Hadith, in his book about the syntax of the Noble Prophetic Hadith. In this research, the writer deliberated about Al- U’kbari's inaccuracies in the narration of the words of the Prophet's hadith. Nevertheless, Al-Suyuti's amendments were categorized into three studies which are: Al-Suyuti’s amendments on the accuracy of Al- U’kbari for nouns, amendments on the accuracy of Al- U’kbari for verbs, and amendments on the accuracy of Al- U’kbari for letters (particles). The researcher relied on a collection of literature which includes: Diverse Hadith textbooks, comprehensive grammar books, as well as books of interpretation (Exegesis). However, the most important findings of the researcher were that Al-Suyuti was objective and impartial in his inquiries and comments on Al-Akbari. And on the other hand, Al-Akbari was sometimes not accurate in conveying and rectifying the words of the Noble Prophet.
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    As-si’dī’s Exposition On Al-adillah: Anchoring Islamic Jurisprudence In Qur’ānic And Prophetic Foundations
    (2024) Ganai, M. S. M.; Salama, M. A. R.
    This paper delves into the profound contributions of ‘Abdur Raḥmān Nāṣir As-Si’dī in elucidating the concept of Al-Adillah within the realm of Islamic jurisprudence. By exploring As-Si’dī’s systematic approach to the evidentiary sources of Fiqh, the study underscores the centrality of the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, alongside the complementary roles of Ijmā’(consensus) and Al-Qiyās Aṣ-Ṣaḥīḥ (sound analogy), as foundational pillars for deriving legal rulings. As-Si’dī’s work reaffirms the integration and coherence of these sources within the Islamic legal framework, countering claims that Fiqh is devoid of scriptural basis. This investigation highlights As-Si’dī’s insistence on the rootedness of Islamic Aḥkām in these evidences, whether through direct textual references, scholarly consensus, or rational deduction. The paper emphasizes that true jurisprudential understanding and application hinge on tracing legal reasoning back to these established sources, a principle deeply embedded in traditional Islamic scholarship. Through As-Si’dī’s lens, the paper reveals the depth of Islamic legal theory’s fidelity to its foundational texts, offering insights into the enduring relevance and unity of Islamic jurisprudence.
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    Barriers and Bridges between the Ummah and the West: Global Socio-economic and Politico-strategic Issues, and the Re-organising of the OIC
    (The Islamic Quarterly, 2006) Ahsan, M.
    Throughout civilisational history, faith has been, and still is, a very important as well as a sensitive issue in local, national and global affairs. Presently, at the dawn of the 21st century, the events of 9/11 have changed the course of history. This transformed the global situation in general and that of the Muslim World in particular, and raised various questions, e.g., what are the causes and consequences of the widening gulf between the Ummah and the West? What is the way forward to initiate a process of mutual trust between these two main global communities? In the context of the contemporary global situation, what specific measures are required at the Ummah's level to bridge this gap? This paper attempts to explore possible answers to these and similar questions. This researcher strongly believes that some approaches, e.g., use of the media and encouraging dialogue between civilisations, would surely bring some positive results, but may not be able to serve as a comprehensive long-lasting strategy to root-out the problem of mistrust, violence and global instability. It can safely be said that the main cause of the present unfortunate global situation is that the difference between the 'developed' and the 'underdeveloped' worlds, and 'the haves' and 'the have nots' has increased enormously. By creating barriers between the Ummah and the West, this is the root cause of a network of contemporary problems. Thus, a comprehensive strategy would be required to bridge the gap between the Ummah and the West. As the title indicates, on the basis of the analysis of the situation, this paper attempts to tackle various relevant issues and suggests possible measures for improvement
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    Contemporary Global Ummatic Challenges and Future Vision: Human (Under-) Development and Clash of Civilisation
    (Journal of Political Studies, 2010) Ahsan, M.
    The underdeveloped, internally weak, frustrated and conflict-ridden contemporary Muslim World is in a state of crisis. The Muslim World, which has suffered at the hands of the West in the past and remains, even today, weak materially, economically, technologically and militarily, is now being projected as a threat to the West. The Ummatic efforts to rediscover its identity and set its own house in order are looked upon as a challenge to the West. For Muslims, it is habitual to accuse major global powers for all their ills. Possibly, this excuse may give them some relief; it does not provide the solution to their deep rooted internal problems. These internal ills not only cause corrosion to the Ummah but also open the doors for external powers to meddle in their internal affairs. How did the Muslim World get into this situation and what are the possible solutions to come out of these crises? And also, how can the Muslim World regain the dignity of its glorious past to lead in global affairs. Therefore, in the light of these questions, the proposed paper will focus on: i) the analysis of the challenges faced by the Muslim Ummah, ii) possible solutions for these challenges, and, iii) the presentation of a three phased plan stretching over the next 50 years. In the light of the analysis, the plan will present major steps to be taken during respective phases as well as the ways and means to finance various proposed programme.
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    Diacritical Deviations In The Ottoman Codex: An Examination Of Variant Recitations In Surah Al-Fātiḥah And Their Consequential Impact On The Validity Of Ṣalāh
    (Journal of Arabic language and literature, 2023) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    This study addresses a matter of great importance to many Muslims; it covers the words of Sūrat al-Fātiḥahwhich feature unconventional readings (qira'āt shādhah) that deviate from the Uthmanic Qur’an's grammatical indications. The study explains that these unusual readings should be viewed as a significant linguistic source (maʿyūn lughawī hāmm), and an authentic source for documenting various grammatical aspects that some Arab tribes permit, according to their dialects. The study also considers the ruling on Prayer with these unconventional readings. The study is divided into three main sections. The first titled: "Surah Al- Fātiḥah and Reasons for Diversity in Grammatical Indications," the second titled: "The Impact of Deviation in Grammatical Indications from the Uthmanic Muṣ-ḥaf on the Validity of Prayer in Surah Al-Fātiḥah," and the third titled: "Words Contradicting the Uthmanic Muṣ-ḥaf in Grammatical Indications where UnconventionalReadings Occur: A Statistical and Applied Study on ِ المصحفِطْ لضبُفةِخالُ المُرابيةْ الإعُالعلامات الشاذةِ في القراءاتِّالعثماني105 Surah Al- Fātiḥah." The researcher relied on a variety of sources, including exegesis books focusing on linguistic aspects, books on the grammar of the Qur’an, books on both unconventional and correct Qur’anic readings, and some grammatical texts. One of the most significant findings of the study is that all the unconventional Qur’anic readings, which deviate from the Uthmanic Mushaf in their grammatical indications, conform to Arabic grammar rules. Moreover, the study shows that there is a large abundance of unconventional readings in Surah Al-Fātiḥah, which deviate in their grammatical indications from the Uthmanic Muṣ-ḥaf.
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    Distance education amid the Western attributes and the Arabic word rooting, Teaching Arabic remotely as a mode
    (Journal of Arabic language and literature, 2023) Abu Dawy, Ebraheem
    The current study addresses a modern and recurring issue in all types of education in general and in Arabic language distance education in particular. Western scholars have mentioned this type of education, attributing its emergence to the modern industrial revolution in Europe when the steam engine was discovered and used in railways in the early 19th century. Since then, trains have been used to transport educational materials over long distances for students who struggle with direct education. Many Arab scholars have also followed this principle, attributing the origin of distance education to the West. This study provides conclusive evidence that distance education, in its original and simple sense, referred to by Western researchers as "correspondence education," is a product of our Arab-Islamic civilization. The credit for this goes to the Hadith scholars when they discussed methods of 145acquiring and transmitting knowledge, elaborated on these methods, described them precisely, and outlined their various types and how they occur. This study has shown that some of these methods can be indirect or remote. The researcher in this study has expanded the scope of research from methods of acquiring and transmitting knowledge in the field of Prophetic Hadith at a distance to methods of acquiring and transmitting knowledge at a distance in the field of Arabic language with its various branches. It has been clarified that Arab language scholars have mentioned many of these methods in Arabic writings long before the emergence of correspondence education in Western countries.
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    Environment, Human Security and Islam: A Case Study of Pakistan
    (Muslim Education Quarterly, 2001) Ahsan, M.
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    Eternal Destinies: A Comparative Analysis of Eschatological Perspectives in Islam and Hinduism
    (Journal of Religion and Theology, 2025) Khan, S. R
    This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of eschatological viewpoints within Islam and Hinduism, delving into both their differences and similarities in terms of the afterlife, judgment, and salvation. In Islam, a linear eschatological paradigm is presented, which signifies a Day of Judgment where individuals are either rewarded with Paradise or Hell based on their deeds in the worldly life and their belief. On the other hand, Hinduism offers a cyclical understanding of existence, wherein a soul reincarnates driven by karma until it achieves moksha, which is the liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Despite their distinct eschatological perspectives, both faiths aim to address the ultimate fate of the soul and the moral implications of human actions. By drawing parallels between these two religious traditions, this study seeks to enhance the comprehension of how diverse theological contexts contribute to shaping beliefs about the destiny of the soul. Moreover, the examination of these eschatological viewpoints provides valuable insights into the broader understanding of spiritual and moral implications in both Islam and Hinduism.
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    Forgiveness in Islam: A Pathway to Positive Religious Coping
    (The Journal of Arts, Sociology and Humanities, 2024) Khan, S. R
    Forgiveness, as a religious coping mechanism, plays a pivotal role in the Islamic tradition, providing a framework for emotional and spiritual resilience. This paper explores the concept of forgiveness within Islamic teachings, examining its significance as a tool for managing interpersonal conflict and personal suffering. Drawing on Quranic verses, Hadith literature, and contemporary scholarly interpretations, the study highlights how forgiveness is not only a moral virtue but also a strategic response to adversity. The article analyses the religious texts and theological discourses to elucidate the mechanisms through which forgiveness operates in Islamic contexts. Key findings reveal that forgiveness in Islam is intricately linked to concepts of mercy, divine justice, and social harmony. By integrating forgiveness into religious practice, individuals are able to mitigate stress, enhance social relationships, and achieve spiritual tranquility. The paper concludes that forgiveness serves as a profound coping strategy, aligning personal well-being with broader religious and ethical principles. These insights contribute to deeper understanding of how religious practices can support psychological health and interpersonal harmony.